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The Truth and Scope of al-ʿIlm al-Ḥuḍūrī … A. Hussain & M. Karimi (65
chair is in contact with the wall,’ it phenomenon is essentially a broad
implies that the chair lacks any perspective encompassing the myriad
awareness of this interaction. In the small beings that inhabit our surroundings
former instance, our contact is (Corvez, 1990).
characterized by sensory perception, Conclusion
whereas in the latter, the relationship The phrase ‘knowledge by presence’
between the chair and the wall is purely does not appear in the works of
a physical phenomenon. numerous philosophers, including those
Heidegger posits that the underlying associated with the Milesian School, the
rationale for this distinction lies in the Pythagoreans, the Eleatics, the
fact that, in the initial scenario, human Atomists, the Sophists, as well as
beings possess an awareness of their Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and thinkers
own existence, whereas the chair lacks from the Hellenistic period. Within
any such self-awareness. To put it Islamic philosophy, Avicenna emerged
differently, the existence of the as the first to explore the distinctions
individual necessitates the presence of between knowledge by presence and
a boundary for their experience knowledge by acquisition, particularly
(Khatami, 2000, pp. 44-57). in relation to an object's self-awareness.
Heidegger posits that Dasein does not Ṣadr al-Muti'allihīn al-Shīrāzī, who
conceive of itself as a mere subjectivity is acknowledged as the founder of
or an isolated 'I,' devoid of any transcendental philosophy, engaged in
connection to objects. This perspective extensive discourse on knowledge by
underpins the essence of human presence, setting himself apart from his
existence as fundamentally intertwined philosophical and theological
with the world. The formation and contemporaries. In the modern context
essence of Dasein are rooted in its of New Transcendental Philosophy,
situatedness within the world. The world scholars have tackled emerging
cannot be regarded as an external entity; epistemological challenges by utilizing
rather, our existence is inherently reliant the concept of knowledge by presence
upon it. Dasein's being is inextricably and clarifying its various roles. A
linked to the external reality that prominent figure in this movement is
constitutes the world. ʿAllāma Ṭabāṭabāʾī, who played a
This philosopher posits that the initial crucial role in revitalizing
inquiry regarding the phenomenon of philosophical thought and advancing
existence pertains to the location from the understanding of knowledge by
which we can attain absolute certainty presence. The relevance of knowledge
about it. The response indicates that this by presence is a clear and significant
