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mathematics to enhance my capacity for towards the domain of epistemology.
argumentative reasoning and to refine From Kant's time to the present, the
my philosophical sensibilities. In question of knowledge has been
compliance with his highness's directive, regarded as the central and most critical
I enrolled in the class of the late Agha concern within philosophy. Kant posited
Seyyed Abu al-Qasim Khānsāri, a that epistemology holds precedence over
distinguished mathematician, where I other philosophical inquiries.
undertook a curriculum that included ʿAllāma Ṭabāṭabāʾī is recognized as a
argumentative calculus, as well as pioneer in the field of epistemology,
courses in both plane and spatial introducing innovative approaches and
geometry, and argumentative algebra” contexts. He articulated and systematized
(Ṭabāṭabāʾī, 2008, p. 9). epistemological knowledge by presenting
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was a various epistemological perspectives and
philosopher who adeptly employed engaging in comparative discussions,
mathematical and geometric methods thereby revitalizing the discipline.
to articulate philosophical concepts According to him, a comprehensive
with remarkable clarity and precision. understanding of the mind and knowledge
He utilized this method in the is essential for the development of any
composition of the first and second philosophical framework. He asserted that
parts of Descartes' Principles of epistemological inquiries must precede
Philosophy, while also applying it in other philosophical considerations. The
his seminal work, ethics, which is essence of his philosophical endeavors
structured around definitions, lies in the assertion that before engaging in
principles, theorems, and proofs metaphysical contemplation, one must
(Spinoza, 2005). first navigate the domain of knowledge
and refine their positions and viewpoints.
Kant posits that the human mind is not
merely a passive recipient of perceptions
3. Ṭabāṭabāʾī and Immanuel Kant
The eminent German philosopher and factual knowledge; rather, the
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) regarded perceptual apparatus itself plays an active
knowledge as the central theme of his and independent role in the processes of
philosophical inquiry. He posited that awareness and understanding. This
philosophy's primary and fundamental engagement of the human perceptive
objective is to engage with epistemology. system is uniquely characteristic of
The advent of Kant marked a humans, manifesting in the dual
significant transformation in Western capacities of feeling and understanding.
philosophical thought, steering it The senses, informed by the constructs of
