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66 / International Multidisciplinary Journal of Pure Life, 11(39), 2024
concern for both ʿAllāma Ṭabāṭabāʾī Author Contributions
and René Descartes. Baruch Spinoza is The corresponding author, has the
notable for his effective use of main role in all stages, from study
mathematical and geometric methods conception and design, data collection,
to express philosophical ideas with analysis, and interpretation of results to
exceptional clarity and precision. The manuscript preparation. The second
distinguished German philosopher author, as a supervisor, has reviewed

Immanuel Kant considered the the manuscript critically and helped
question of knowledge to be the focal enrich the content of this article with
point of his philosophical exploration. his useful and fruitful advice.
From Heidegger's viewpoint, the Conflict of Interest
investigation into the provability of an The authors declare that there is no
external world lacks significance.
conflict of interests regarding the
Acknowledgment publication of this manuscript.
This article is based on the Ph.D
dissertation presented at Al-Mustafa

International University in Qom, Iran,
titled ‘The Truth and Scope of
Knowledge by Presence in the Thought
of ʿAllāma Ṭabāṭabāʾī and Some
Prominent Western Philosophers,’

supervised by Assistant Professor Dr.
Mehdi Kareemi. I express my gratitude
to him and Dr. Syed Abbas Hussaini
for their valuable input in enhancing
this article, as well as to the reviewers
of the Pure Life Journal for their
insightful feedback.

Funding
The authors have no affiliation with

any organization with a direct or
indirect financial interest in the subject
matter discussed in the manuscript. So,
this study was done without the
financial support of any institution or
organization.