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The Truth and Scope of al-ʿIlm al-Ḥuḍūrī … A. Hussain & M. Karimi (63
time and space, and the understanding, influencing and being influenced by our
guided by its twelve distinct categories, actions. He notes the presence of various
collaborate in this cognitive activity (Ref: elements in our external environment,
Mojtahedi, 1981). such as the air we breathe, the food we
Ṭabāṭabāʾī posited that the consume, the structures we inhabit, the
perceptive system encompasses both land we traverse, as well as animals,
an active and a passive dimension. He plants, and other entities.
argued that the concept of multiplicity Beyond our individual experiences,
is intrinsically linked to perceptions and there exist various phenomena that we
is independent of the actual objects, observe visually, alongside others that
which are merely the outcomes of we detect audibly. Additionally, there
various factors interacting with the are sensations that we experience
mind. These interactions generate through our sense of touch, as well as
perceptions through a specific those that we identify through our
engagement with perceptive faculties, olfactory and gustatory senses, among
thereby compelling the emergence of other perceptual modalities.
numerous perceptions. In essence, this In the external world, individuals
multiplicity does not stem from the encounter various entities that they
passive dimension of the mind; rather, it either pursue or shun, experience
is associated with the active dimension, affection for or aversion to, and harbor
with the primary driver being the mind's aspirations or apprehensions regarding.
own capacity for multiplication There exist elements that resonate with
(Ṭabāṭabāʾī , 1993, p. 10). our intrinsic inclinations or provoke
our distaste, as well as tools that we
4. Ṭabāṭabāʾī and Martin Heidegger
In the preface of his philosophical works employ to fulfill our diverse objectives
i.e., Nihāyat-al Ḥikmah and Bidāyat-al and ambitions, which may include
Ḥikmah, Ṭabāṭabāʾī asserts that the arriving at a destination, departing
fundamental reality, as well as the reality from one, or attaining a specific
that transcends human existence, does location. Our desires are often driven
not require argumentative validation. He by the pursuit of pleasure, the
posits a profound interrelation between avoidance of pain, or the resolution of
humanity and the reality that exists undesirable situations.
beyond it. In the introduction of the book The phenomena we observe are not
Nihāyat-al Ḥikmah, he articulates that it devoid of substance. They possess
is indisputable that humans are entities genuine existence and are substantiated
that genuinely exist, and there are also by evidence. Individuals seek out
external entities that coexist with us, objects or concepts only because they
