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A Study of the Ethical Principles of Political… S. Mikhalev & A. Ahmadi Amin (45
are upheld and the integrity of society is judgment. Their primary functions
preserved” (Sharīf al-Raḍī, Sermon 216). include protecting the people, ensuring
This teaching underscores the dual justice, and preventing governmental
obligation of leaders to serve both the overreach. Effective agents are vital to
the functioning of a just and ethical
individual and the community. state.
Finally, Imam Ali stresses that ethical
leadership is not static; it demands 4.1. Imam Ali's Framework for
continuous self-reflection and Governance and Social Protection
adaptation to changing circumstances. Imam Ali categorized the functions of
Leaders must remain humble, an agent into three main areas:
acknowledging their own fallibility - protecting people from
while striving for improvement. "A aggression, theft, and violence;
leader who does not question their own - ensuring economic freedom by
actions risks straying from justice," He preventing arbitrary government
actions;
warned (Sharīf al-Raḍī, Aphorism 247). - supporting a predictable and fair
This principle of self-accountability judicial system.
ensures that leadership remains aligned These responsibilities ensure that
with ethical standards, even amidst agents protect individuals' rights and
evolving societal challenges. maintain social harmony, which aligns
By integrating these teachings, with the leader’s overarching goal of
leaders can navigate the complexities of promoting justice.
modern governance while maintaining 4.2. Ethical Requirements for Agents
ethical integrity. Imam Ali’s insights Imam Ali sets forth distinct ethical
provide a timeless framework for standards for agents, recognizing their
fostering social harmony, addressing influential roles and the responsibilities
systemic injustices, and achieving they bear. Unlike ordinary citizens, agents
equitable progress. wield authority that can significantly
4. Ethical Requirements for Political impact society, making it imperative for
Leaders Regarding Their Agents them to embody the highest moral
principles. In Nahj al-Balagha, Imam
Imam Ali outlines the ethical
responsibilities of political leaders toward Ali emphasizes three essential qualities
their agents in Nahj al-Balagha. Agents, that agents must possess: competence,
representing the ruler’s authority, must moral integrity, and loyalty.
embody competence, loyalty, and Competence is a foundational
ethical integrity. Imam Ali emphasized requirement for agents, as their decisions
that agents should be well-versed in directly influence the welfare of
Islamic teachings, possess practical
experience, and demonstrate ethical society. Imam Ali states, “The most
