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Introduction making it a timeless guide for ethical
In today’s world, society is grappling leadership (Tariq, 1999; Mohseni-
with a range of crises, including Cheraghlou, 2015).
economic instability, social upheaval, Despite being over a millennium old,
and environmental degradation, which Nahj al-Balagha continues to provide
are compounded by ongoing conflicts relevant insights for addressing modern
that claim countless lives and displace leadership dilemmas. Its principles
millions each year (Kruchinin, 2015). extend beyond individual relationships to
The 2020 pandemic further highlighted encompass societal responsibilities,
vulnerabilities in resilience frameworks, offering a universal perspective on
revealing gaps in the ability of governance and ethical norms (Ghazvini,
communities and nations to adapt to 1992). This study focuses on the ethical
unprecedented challenges (Babkin, frameworks outlined in Nahj al-Balagha,
2020). These global issues emphasize examining the role of leaders in their
the critical need for effective and ethical relationships with agents, ordinary
leadership, as existing systems often citizens, and opposition (Alem, 2000). By
struggle to provide consistent and analyzing the ethical ideals articulated in
equitable solutions (Roth & Lee, 2006; the text, this research aims to highlight its
Ibragimov, 2009). enduring significance as a model for
Islamic ethics, rooted in divine ethical governance and societal progress.
guidance, offer a cohesive framework Theoretical Foundations
that transcends the limitations of The study of ethical principles in political
secular governance models. Based on leadership within the Islamic tradition is
the Quran, the teachings of the Prophet grounded in centuries of philosophical
Muhammad, and the principles and theological inquiry (Nasr, 2010).
articulated by Imam Ali in Nahj al- Unlike secular approaches, Islamic ethics
Balagha, Islamic ethics provide regards leadership as a divine trust,
actionable guidance for leaders in interweaving administrative duties with
navigating complex societal challenges moral and spiritual responsibilities.
(Tariq, 2018; Platonova, 2018). Leaders are expected to adhere to ethical
Nahj al-Balagha stands out as a norms that serve the well-being of society
seminal text, offering a unique and align with the principles outlined in
synthesis of practical wisdom and the Quran and other foundational texts
ethical principles. This collection of (Kamali, 2008). Leadership, in this
sermons, letters, and sayings by Imam context, transcends mere governance,
Ali is renowned for its emphasis on becoming a moral obligation characterized
justice, compassion, and accountability, by respect, mercy, and justice.
