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Examining Applied Models of Humanities… M. J. Hasanzadeh Mashkani (95
of the Qur’an (2002) and Sa’diyya and Barlas or the secular critiques of
Shaikh’s journal article “Islamic Law, Mernissi and Ahmed to offer concrete,
Sufism, and Gender: Rethinking the measurable empowerment strategies
Terms of the Debate” (2012). However, rooted in Qur’anic epistemology. Third,
three critical gaps remain in this it provides empirical validation through
scholarship. First, few studies connect case studies of successful
the Qur’an’s spiritual parity (40:40) implementations, addressing the
with concrete social applications to theoretical limitations of classical works
modern challenges like digital gender like al-Ṭabarī’s exegesis or Stowasser’s
divides. Second, while figures like historical analysis. By systematically
Maryam and Āsīya are frequently connecting spiritual equality with social
referenced (e.g., in Aysha application and resistance theory with
Hidayatullah’s 2014 Journal of actionable models, this research offers a
Feminist Studies in Religion article), transformative paradigm.
their stories are rarely analyzed as Therefore, many studies have been
integrated Qur’anic resistance models done on the topic but none of them have
offering diverse strategies from quiet addressed the challenges of women in the
perseverance to public confrontation. modern era in a problem-oriented manner.
Third, discussions of gender For example, the article ‘Contemporary
complementarity in works like Kecia Iranian Women and the Explanation of
Ali’s Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Some Factors Underlying Identity
Reflections on the Qur’an, Hadith, and Challenges and Consequences’ Written
Jurisprudence (2006) typically focus on by Ḥādi Beigī Malekābād, does not refer
family contexts without extending to to Quranic solutions. Also, the article
public leadership roles. ‘Investigating the Problems of the
This study makes three significant Modernization Process in Contemporary
contributions to existing literature. First, Iran and Its Effects on Globalization’
it develops an original framework Written by Yūsuf Aḥmadī Qāsemābād
integrating five innovative conceptual Soflā, ignores the role of women in the
pillars—Qur’anic womanhood, gender challenges of the present era. By
complementarity, Islamic resistance examining various Quranic aspects of
models, spiritual equity, and women in the challenges of the modern
revelational feminism—that bridge the era, this article fills the gap in previous
persistent gaps between textual analysis studies, making it unique and necessary.
and contemporary implementation. Moreover, the article ‘Social Pathology of
Second, it moves beyond the Women's Issues’ by Fāṭemeh Moḥebbī
deconstructive approaches of Wadud has addressed the biological aspects of the
