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Social Status of Afghan Women During The History… M. Z. Saeidi & M. Ghanbari Alanaq (67
poverty and misery of the people and interests represented by various party
the adoption of ineffective economic and jihadi organizations (Mubāriz, 2000,
policies that had been rampant in pp. 49-50; Ṭanīn, 2005, p. 400).
Afghan society for years, but the rulers The Mujāhideen who entered Kābul
only thought about their own closed universities, libraries, and
sovereignty and benefits. schools or set them on fire as a result of
This widespread poverty and the war. Women were forced to wear
deprivation is also one of the reasons for the Burqa’ and fewer women were seen
public dissatisfaction and the people on television and in professional jobs.
and intellectuals taking sides against the The intervening years of 1992-1996
governments. On the other hand, the witnessed unprecedented violence by
illiteracy of the people in the country on Mujāhideen groups, and women were
the one hand, and the entry of Marxist forced to migrate to villages that were
ideas and values from the northern safer than the centers of conflict or to
borders of the country on the other seek refuge in neighboring countries to
confused the people and ultimately avoid rape and forced marriages
attracted intellectuals to Marxist ideas. (Ahmed-Ghosh, 2003, p. 7).
The Afghan Mujāhideen, who In the context of women's issues, it
fought against the communist should be said that the Mujāhideen
government in Kābul, were the product government did not prevent girls from
of such a complex and ambiguous studying or women from working, and
situation. Ambiguous because the of course, a fatwa was issued to separate
Afghan Mujāhideen focused all their women's education and work. But the
thoughts and efforts on the war and crisis of insecurity and war had so
suffered from the lack of a plan for the dominated the lives, wealth, and honor
future of the country at the same time of the people that women's education
were divided into several groups. and work had practically stopped.
The establishment of the Islamist The dominance of the Ṭāliban, these
Mujāhideen government in Afghanistan extremist Islamists, over Afghanistan,
led to significant destruction and an was a natural extension of the
escalation of civil wars because the unity Mujāhideen 's rule over the country.
between the warring factions fell apart. The continuation of civil wars and the
The common goal of the Mujāhideen, insecurity of communication routes had
who were initially united in their Jihad turned Afghanistan into thousands of
against the communist regime, faded islands of power under the control of
with the fall of Dr. Najībullah's jihadi commanders. In this chaotic
government and was replaced by ethnic situation, the Pakistani government,
